A New Method for Determining Interfacial Tension: Verification and Validation

Surface tension is a meaningful parameter influencing boiling and condensation in macroscopic scale, confined spaces, or for nanofluids; it further affects with surfactants. Surface, interfacial, an important property the research into increasing heat transfer, enhancing efficiency of photovoltaic systems, improving engine operation, forming drugs polymers. It often determined using axisymmetric drop shape analysis based on differential equations system formulated by Bashforth Adams. The closed-form expression interface states radii defining bubbles are negative numbers, which causes temperature profile drops along transfer direction, e.g., Wiśniewski formulas vapor bubbles; moreover, drop, bubble, possesses only one main radius curvature, may reduce number unknowns Adams algorithm. An alternative method applying droplet validated water (denser) flowing down octane (the lighter liquid); its spare equation used verifying outcomes.